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Croatia in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Croatia became merged with Serbia and Slovenia to form the nation of Yugoslavia in 1918. The formation of Yugoslavia began with the formation of the Yugoslav Committee, a collection of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes whose goal was to form a single south Slavic state. In October of 1918 the Croatian Parliament declared the Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia as an independent state, which, in December that same year, merged with Kingdom of Serbia and created the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The kingdom would be renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929, and ruled by Serbian Karađorđević dynasty till Second World War. After the formation of Yugoslavia, Serbia attempted to create a "Greater Serbia" by using police intimidation and vote rigging to establish a Serbian controlled Yugoslavia. From 1929-1941 Serbian controlled Yugoslavia established control over Croatia through Serbian police force brutality and assassinations of important Croatians.〔Djokic, Dejan. "Coming To Terms With The Past: Former Yugoslavia." History Today 54.6 (2004): 17-19. History Reference Center. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.〕 In response to the harsh law of Yugoslavia the Ustase, a radical revolutionary movement for an independent Croatia, was formed to break Serbian control over Croatia. In May of 1990 Croatia declared itself a sovereign state which lead to the Croatian war of independence against Serbian controlled Yugoslavia. In 1995 Croatian troops drove out the remaining Yugoslav People's Army forces and established itself as a free and independent nation from Yugoslavia.〔"Yugoslavia." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2013): 1-4. History Reference Center. Web. 3 Mar. 2015.〕
==The Yugoslav Committee==
The basis of Croatia and Serbia forming a union in 1918 is to be found in the complex history of the Yugoslav Committee. The Yugoslav Committee was formed by exiles living outside the Croatian homeland during World War I. The Committee was led by Frano Supilo and Ante Trumbić and included the famous Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović. Each repudiated the Committee within a few years of the founding of Yugoslavia. "Yugoslavs" were Serbian, Croatian and Slovene people who identified themselves with the movement toward a single South Slavic state. Exiled Yugoslavs living in North America and Britain were the primary supporters of the Yugoslav Committee. Having established offices in London and Paris as early as 1915, the Yugoslav Committee became an active lobby for the cause of a united South Slav state during World War I.
The concept of a unified South Slavic state had been discussed by Croatian and Slovene intellectuals since the mid-nineteenth century. However, the "Yugoslav Idea" did not mature from the conceptual to practical state of planning. Few of those promoting such an entity had given any serious consideration to what form the new state should take,. Nevertheless, the Yugoslav Committee issued a manifesto calling for the formation of such a South Slavic state on May 12, 1915. The document, like the rhetoric of those who produced it, was vague concerning the form and system of government. It received little official recognition.
At the same time Serbia, led by Nikola Pašić's People's Radical Party, saw the "Yugoslav" concept as a useful tool in the long sought development of a "Greater Serbia."〔(Elections ), ''TIME Magazine'', February 23, 1925〕 As the War dragged on, the Allies began to think of the concept of Yugoslavia as a blocking force in the Balkans to counter future German expansionism. Although no formal agreement was announced until July 1917, the Yugoslav Committee and the Serbian Government-in-Exile worked hand-in-hand from November 1916 onward. On July 20, 1917 the Serbian government and the Yugoslav Committee issued the text of an agreement known as the Corfu Declaration which called for the formation of a multi-national state. The vast majority of the Serbian, Croatian and Slovene people had no knowledge of the declaration made by a small group of exiled intellectuals and the Serbian Government-in-Exile. Nonetheless, the signers claimed to speak for all South Slavic peoples and the Corfu Declaration became the justification claimed by Serbia for the forced unification of Croatians and Slovenes under the Serbian crown.
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